Sample Database Description v12

The sample database represents employees in an organization.

It contains three types of records: employees, departments, and historical records of employees.

Each employee has an identification number, name, hire date, salary, and manager. Some employees earn a commission in addition to their salary. All employee-related information is stored in the emp table.

The sample company is regionally diverse, so the database keeps track of the location of the departments. Each company employee is assigned to a department. Each department is identified by a unique department number and a short name. Each department is associated with one location. All department-related information is stored in the dept table.

The company also tracks information about jobs held by the employees. Some employees have been with the company for a long time and have held different positions, received raises, switched departments, etc. When a change in employee status occurs, the company records the end date of the former position. A new job record is added with the start date and the new job title, department, salary, and the reason for the status change. All employee history is maintained in the jobhist table.

The following is an entity relationship diagram of the sample database tables.

Sample Database Tables

Fig. 1: Sample Database Tables

The following is the edb-sample.sql script.

--
--  Script that creates the 'sample' tables, views, procedures,
--  functions, triggers, etc.
--
--  Start new transaction - commit all or nothing
--
BEGIN;
/
--
--  Create and load tables used in the documentation examples.
--
--  Create the 'dept' table
--
CREATE TABLE dept (
   deptno           NUMBER(2) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT dept_pk PRIMARY KEY,
   dname            VARCHAR2(14) CONSTRAINT dept_dname_uq UNIQUE,
   loc              VARCHAR2(13)
);
--
--  Create the 'emp' table
--
CREATE TABLE emp (
   empno           NUMBER(4) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT emp_pk PRIMARY KEY,
   ename           VARCHAR2(10),
   job             VARCHAR2(9),
   mgr             NUMBER(4),
   hiredate        DATE,
   sal             NUMBER(7,2) CONSTRAINT emp_sal_ck CHECK (sal > 0),
   comm            NUMBER(7,2),
   deptno          NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT emp_ref_dept_fk
                       REFERENCES dept(deptno)
);
--
--  Create the 'jobhist' table
--
CREATE TABLE jobhist (
   empno           NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
   startdate       DATE NOT NULL,
   enddate         DATE,
   job             VARCHAR2(9),
   sal             NUMBER(7,2),
   comm            NUMBER(7,2),
   deptno          NUMBER(2),
   chgdesc         VARCHAR2(80),
   CONSTRAINT jobhist_pk PRIMARY KEY (empno, startdate),
   CONSTRAINT jobhist_ref_emp_fk FOREIGN KEY (empno)
       REFERENCES emp(empno) ON DELETE CASCADE,
   CONSTRAINT jobhist_ref_dept_fk FOREIGN KEY (deptno)
       REFERENCES dept (deptno) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   CONSTRAINT jobhist_date_chk CHECK (startdate <= enddate)
);
--
--  Create the 'salesemp' view
--
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW salesemp AS
   SELECT empno, ename, hiredate, sal, comm FROM emp WHERE job = 'SALESMAN';
--
--  Sequence to generate values for function 'new_empno'.
--
CREATE SEQUENCE next_empno START WITH 8000 INCREMENT BY 1;
--
--  Issue PUBLIC grants
--
GRANT ALL ON emp TO PUBLIC;
GRANT ALL ON dept TO PUBLIC;
GRANT ALL ON jobhist TO PUBLIC;
GRANT ALL ON salesemp TO PUBLIC;
GRANT ALL ON next_empno TO PUBLIC;
--
--  Load the 'dept' table
--
INSERT INTO dept VALUES (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
--
--  Load the 'emp' table
--
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'17-DEC-80',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'20-FEB-81',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'22-FEB-81',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'02-APR-81',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'28-SEP-81',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'01-MAY-81',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'09-JUN-81',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'19-APR-87',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'17-NOV-81',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'08-SEP-81',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'23-MAY-87',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'03-DEC-81',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'03-DEC-81',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'23-JAN-82',1300,NULL,10);
--
--  Load the 'jobhist' table
--
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7369,'17-DEC-80',NULL,'CLERK',800,NULL,20,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7499,'20-FEB-81',NULL,'SALESMAN',1600,300,30,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7521,'22-FEB-81',NULL,'SALESMAN',1250,500,30,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7566,'02-APR-81',NULL,'MANAGER',2975,NULL,20,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7654,'28-SEP-81',NULL,'SALESMAN',1250,1400,30,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7698,'01-MAY-81',NULL,'MANAGER',2850,NULL,30,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7782,'09-JUN-81',NULL,'MANAGER',2450,NULL,10,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7788,'19-APR-87','12-APR-88','CLERK',1000,NULL,20,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7788,'13-APR-88','04-MAY-89','CLERK',1040,NULL,20,'Raise');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7788,'05-MAY-90',NULL,'ANALYST',3000,NULL,20,'Promoted to Analyst');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7839,'17-NOV-81',NULL,'PRESIDENT',5000,NULL,10,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7844,'08-SEP-81',NULL,'SALESMAN',1500,0,30,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7876,'23-MAY-87',NULL,'CLERK',1100,NULL,20,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7900,'03-DEC-81','14-JAN-83','CLERK',950,NULL,10,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7900,'15-JAN-83',NULL,'CLERK',950,NULL,30,'Changed to Dept 30');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7902,'03-DEC-81',NULL,'ANALYST',3000,NULL,20,'New Hire');
INSERT INTO jobhist VALUES (7934,'23-JAN-82',NULL,'CLERK',1300,NULL,10,'NewHire');
--
--  Populate statistics table and view (pg_statistic/pg_stats)
--
ANALYZE dept;
ANALYZE emp;
ANALYZE jobhist;
--
--  Procedure that lists all employees' numbers and names
--  from the 'emp' table using a cursor.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE list_emp
IS
   v_empno         NUMBER(4);
   v_ename         VARCHAR2(10);
   CURSOR emp_cur IS
       SELECT empno, ename FROM emp ORDER BY empno;
BEGIN
   OPEN emp_cur;
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO    ENAME');
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('-----    -------');
   LOOP
       FETCH emp_cur INTO v_empno, v_ename;
       EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || '     ' || v_ename);
   END LOOP;
   CLOSE emp_cur;
END;
/
--
--  Procedure that selects an employee row given the employee
--  number and displays certain columns.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE select_emp (
   p_empno         IN  NUMBER
)
IS
   v_ename         emp.ename%TYPE;
   v_hiredate      emp.hiredate%TYPE;
   v_sal           emp.sal%TYPE;
   v_comm          emp.comm%TYPE;
   v_dname         dept.dname%TYPE;
   v_disp_date     VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
   SELECT ename, hiredate, sal, NVL(comm, 0), dname
       INTO v_ename, v_hiredate, v_sal, v_comm, v_dname
       FROM emp e, dept d
       WHERE empno = p_empno
       AND e.deptno = d.deptno;
   v_disp_date := TO_CHAR(v_hiredate, 'MM/DD/YYYY');
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number    : ' || p_empno);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name      : ' || v_ename);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hire Date : ' || v_disp_date);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary    : ' || v_sal);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Commission: ' || v_comm);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department: ' || v_dname);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || p_empno || ' not found');
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLERRM:');
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLCODE:');
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE);
END;
/
--
--  Procedure that queries the 'emp' table based on
--  department number and employee number or name.  Returns
--  employee number and name as IN OUT parameters and job,
--  hire date, and salary as OUT parameters.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_query (
   p_deptno        IN     NUMBER,
   p_empno         IN OUT NUMBER,
   p_ename         IN OUT VARCHAR2,
   p_job           OUT    VARCHAR2,
   p_hiredate      OUT    DATE,
   p_sal           OUT    NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
   SELECT empno, ename, job, hiredate, sal
       INTO p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_hiredate, p_sal
       FROM emp
       WHERE deptno = p_deptno
         AND (empno = p_empno
          OR  ename = UPPER(p_ename));
END;
/
--
--  Procedure to call 'emp_query_caller' with IN and IN OUT
--  parameters.  Displays the results received from IN OUT and
--  OUT parameters.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_query_caller
IS
   v_deptno        NUMBER(2);
   v_empno         NUMBER(4);
   v_ename         VARCHAR2(10);
   v_job           VARCHAR2(9);
   v_hiredate      DATE;
   v_sal           NUMBER;
BEGIN
   v_deptno := 30;
   v_empno  := 0;
   v_ename  := 'Martin';
   emp_query(v_deptno, v_empno, v_ename, v_job, v_hiredate, v_sal);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department : ' || v_deptno);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee No: ' || v_empno);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name       : ' || v_ename);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job        : ' || v_job);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hire Date  : ' || v_hiredate);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary     : ' || v_sal);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('More than one employee was selected');
   WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees were selected');
END;
/
--
--  Function to compute yearly compensation based on semimonthly
--  salary.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION emp_comp (
   p_sal           NUMBER,
   p_comm          NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
   RETURN (p_sal + NVL(p_comm, 0)) * 24;
END;
/
--
--  Function that gets the next number from sequence, 'next_empno',
--  and ensures it is not already in use as an employee number.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION new_empno RETURN NUMBER
IS
   v_cnt           INTEGER := 1;
   v_new_empno     NUMBER;
BEGIN
   WHILE v_cnt > 0 LOOP
       SELECT next_empno.nextval INTO v_new_empno FROM dual;
       SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_cnt FROM emp WHERE empno = v_new_empno;
   END LOOP;
   RETURN v_new_empno;
END;
/
--
--  EDB-SPL function that adds a new clerk to table 'emp'.  This function
--  uses package 'emp_admin'.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hire_clerk (
   p_ename         VARCHAR2,
   p_deptno        NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER
IS
   v_empno         NUMBER(4);
   v_ename         VARCHAR2(10);
   v_job           VARCHAR2(9);
   v_mgr           NUMBER(4);
   v_hiredate      DATE;
   v_sal           NUMBER(7,2);
   v_comm          NUMBER(7,2);
   v_deptno        NUMBER(2);
BEGIN
   v_empno := new_empno;
   INSERT INTO emp VALUES (v_empno, p_ename, 'CLERK', 7782,
       TRUNC(SYSDATE), 950.00, NULL, p_deptno);
   SELECT empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno INTO
       v_empno, v_ename, v_job, v_mgr, v_hiredate, v_sal, v_comm, v_deptno
       FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department : ' || v_deptno);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee No: ' || v_empno);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name       : ' || v_ename);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job        : ' || v_job);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Manager    : ' || v_mgr);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hire Date  : ' || v_hiredate);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary     : ' || v_sal);
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Commission : ' || v_comm);
   RETURN v_empno;
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLERRM:');
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLCODE:');
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE);
       RETURN -1;
END;
/
--
--  PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL function that adds a new salesman
--  to table 'emp'.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hire_salesman (
   p_ename         VARCHAR,
   p_sal           NUMERIC,
   p_comm          NUMERIC
) RETURNS NUMERIC
AS $$
DECLARE
   v_empno         NUMERIC(4);
   v_ename         VARCHAR(10);
   v_job           VARCHAR(9);
   v_mgr           NUMERIC(4);
   v_hiredate      DATE;
   v_sal           NUMERIC(7,2);
   v_comm          NUMERIC(7,2);
   v_deptno        NUMERIC(2);
BEGIN
   v_empno := new_empno();
   INSERT INTO emp VALUES (v_empno, p_ename, 'SALESMAN', 7698,
       CURRENT_DATE, p_sal, p_comm, 30);
   SELECT INTO
       v_empno, v_ename, v_job, v_mgr, v_hiredate, v_sal, v_comm, v_deptno
       empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno
       FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
   RAISE INFO 'Department : %', v_deptno;
   RAISE INFO 'Employee No: %', v_empno;
   RAISE INFO 'Name       : %', v_ename;
   RAISE INFO 'Job        : %', v_job;
   RAISE INFO 'Manager    : %', v_mgr;
   RAISE INFO 'Hire Date  : %', v_hiredate;
   RAISE INFO 'Salary     : %', v_sal;
   RAISE INFO 'Commission : %', v_comm;
   RETURN v_empno;
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
       RAISE INFO 'The following is SQLERRM:';
       RAISE INFO '%', SQLERRM;
       RAISE INFO 'The following is SQLSTATE:';
       RAISE INFO '%', SQLSTATE;
       RETURN -1;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
/
--
--  Rule to INSERT into view 'salesemp'
--
CREATE OR REPLACE RULE salesemp_i AS ON INSERT TO salesemp
DO INSTEAD
   INSERT INTO emp VALUES (NEW.empno, NEW.ename, 'SALESMAN', 7698,
       NEW.hiredate, NEW.sal, NEW.comm, 30);
--
--  Rule to UPDATE view 'salesemp'
--
CREATE OR REPLACE RULE salesemp_u AS ON UPDATE TO salesemp
DO INSTEAD
   UPDATE emp SET empno    = NEW.empno,
                  ename    = NEW.ename,
                  hiredate = NEW.hiredate,
                  sal      = NEW.sal,
                  comm     = NEW.comm
       WHERE empno = OLD.empno;
--
--  Rule to DELETE from view 'salesemp'
--
CREATE OR REPLACE RULE salesemp_d AS ON DELETE TO salesemp
DO INSTEAD
   DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = OLD.empno;
--
--  After statement-level trigger that displays a message after
--  an insert, update, or deletion to the 'emp' table.  One message
--  per SQL command is displayed.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER user_audit_trig
   AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON emp
DECLARE
   v_action        VARCHAR2(24);
BEGIN
   IF INSERTING THEN
       v_action := ' added employee(s) on ';
   ELSIF UPDATING THEN
       v_action := ' updated employee(s) on ';
   ELSIF DELETING THEN
       v_action := ' deleted employee(s) on ';
   END IF;
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('User ' || USER || v_action ||
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD'));
END;
/
--
--  Before row-level trigger that displays employee number and
--  salary of an employee that is about to be added, updated,
--  or deleted in the 'emp' table.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_sal_trig
   BEFORE DELETE OR INSERT OR UPDATE ON emp
   FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
   sal_diff       NUMBER;
BEGIN
   IF INSERTING THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inserting employee ' || :NEW.empno);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('..New salary: ' || :NEW.sal);
   END IF;
   IF UPDATING THEN
       sal_diff := :NEW.sal - :OLD.sal;
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updating employee ' || :OLD.empno);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('..Old salary: ' || :OLD.sal);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('..New salary: ' || :NEW.sal);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('..Raise     : ' || sal_diff);
    END IF;
    IF DELETING THEN
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Deleting employee ' || :OLD.empno);
       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('..Old salary: ' || :OLD.sal);
    END IF;
END;
/
--
--  Package specification for the 'emp_admin' package.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE emp_admin
IS
   FUNCTION get_dept_name (
       p_deptno        NUMBER
   ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
   FUNCTION update_emp_sal (
       p_empno         NUMBER,
       p_raise         NUMBER
   ) RETURN NUMBER;
   PROCEDURE hire_emp (
       p_empno         NUMBER,
       p_ename         VARCHAR2,
       p_job           VARCHAR2,
       p_sal           NUMBER,
       p_hiredate      DATE,
       p_comm          NUMBER,
       p_mgr           NUMBER,
       p_deptno        NUMBER
   );
   PROCEDURE fire_emp (
       p_empno         NUMBER
   );
END emp_admin;
/
--
--  Package body for the 'emp_admin' package.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_admin
IS
   --
   --  Function that queries the 'dept' table based on the department
   --  number and returns the corresponding department name.
   --
   FUNCTION get_dept_name (
       p_deptno        IN NUMBER
   ) RETURN VARCHAR2
   IS
       v_dname         VARCHAR2(14);
   BEGIN
       SELECT dname INTO v_dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = p_deptno;
       RETURN v_dname;
   EXCEPTION
       WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid department number ' || p_deptno);
           RETURN '';
   END;
   --
   --  Function that updates an employee's salary based on the
   --  employee number and salary increment/decrement passed
   --  as IN parameters.  Upon successful completion the function
   --  returns the new updated salary.
   --
   FUNCTION update_emp_sal (
       p_empno         IN NUMBER,
       p_raise         IN NUMBER
   ) RETURN NUMBER
   IS
       v_sal           NUMBER := 0;
   BEGIN
       SELECT sal INTO v_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
       v_sal := v_sal + p_raise;
       UPDATE emp SET sal = v_sal WHERE empno = p_empno;
       RETURN v_sal;
   EXCEPTION
       WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || p_empno || ' not found');
           RETURN -1;
       WHEN OTHERS THEN
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLERRM:');
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLCODE:');
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE);
           RETURN -1;
   END;
   --
   --  Procedure that inserts a new employee record into the 'emp' table.
   --
   PROCEDURE hire_emp (
       p_empno         NUMBER,
       p_ename         VARCHAR2,
       p_job           VARCHAR2,
       p_sal           NUMBER,
       p_hiredate      DATE,
       p_comm          NUMBER,
       p_mgr           NUMBER,
       p_deptno        NUMBER
   )
   AS
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename, job, sal, hiredate, comm, mgr, deptno)
           VALUES(p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_sal,
                  p_hiredate, p_comm, p_mgr, p_deptno);
   END;
   --
   --  Procedure that deletes an employee record from the 'emp' table based
   --  on the employee number.
   --
   PROCEDURE fire_emp (
       p_empno         NUMBER
   )
   AS
   BEGIN
       DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
   END;
END;
/
COMMIT;