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Table of Contents

1 Introduction
1.1 What’s New
1.2 Typographical Conventions Used in this Guide
2 The SQL Language
2.1 SQL Syntax
2.1.1 Lexical Structure
2.1.2 Identifiers and Key Words
2.1.3 Constants
2.1.3.1 String Constants
2.1.3.2 Numeric Constants
2.1.3.3 Constants of Other Types
2.1.4 Comments
2.2 Data Types
2.2.1 Numeric Types
2.2.1.1 Integer Types
2.2.1.2 Arbitrary Precision Numbers
2.2.1.3 Floating-Point Types
2.2.2 Character Types
2.2.3 Binary Data
2.2.4 Date/Time Types
2.2.4.1 INTERVAL Types
2.2.4.2 Date/Time Input
2.2.4.2.1 Dates
2.2.4.2.2 Times
2.2.4.2.3 Time Stamps
2.2.4.3 Date/Time Output
2.2.4.4 Internals
2.2.5 Boolean Type
2.2.6 XML Type
2.3 SQL Commands
2.3.1 ALTER INDEX
2.3.2 ALTER PROCEDURE
2.3.3 ALTER PROFILE
2.3.4 ALTER QUEUE
2.3.5 ALTER QUEUE TABLE
2.3.6 ALTER ROLE… IDENTIFIED BY
2.3.7 ALTER ROLE - Managing Database Link and DBMS_RLS Privileges
2.3.8 ALTER SEQUENCE
2.3.9 ALTER SESSION
2.3.10 ALTER TABLE
2.3.11 ALTER TABLESPACE
2.3.12 ALTER USER… IDENTIFIED BY
2.3.13 ALTER USER|ROLE… PROFILE MANAGEMENT CLAUSES
2.3.14 CALL
2.3.15 COMMENT
2.3.16 COMMIT
2.3.17 CREATE DATABASE
2.3.18 CREATE [PUBLIC] DATABASE LINK
2.3.19 CREATE DIRECTORY
2.3.20 CREATE FUNCTION
2.3.21 CREATE INDEX
2.3.22 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
2.3.23 CREATE PACKAGE
2.3.24 CREATE PACKAGE BODY
2.3.25 CREATE PROCEDURE
2.3.26 CREATE PROFILE
2.3.27 CREATE QUEUE
2.3.28 CREATE QUEUE TABLE
2.3.29 CREATE ROLE
2.3.30 CREATE SCHEMA
2.3.31 CREATE SEQUENCE
2.3.32 CREATE SYNONYM
2.3.33 CREATE TABLE
2.3.34 CREATE TABLE AS
2.3.35 CREATE TRIGGER
2.3.36 CREATE TYPE
2.3.37 CREATE TYPE BODY
2.3.38 CREATE USER
2.3.39 CREATE USER|ROLE… PROFILE MANAGEMENT CLAUSES
2.3.40 CREATE VIEW
2.3.41 DELETE
2.3.42 DROP DATABASE LINK
2.3.43 DROP DIRECTORY
2.3.44 DROP FUNCTION
2.3.45 DROP INDEX
2.3.46 DROP PACKAGE
2.3.47 DROP PROCEDURE
2.3.48 DROP PROFILE
2.3.49 DROP QUEUE
2.3.50 DROP QUEUE TABLE
2.3.51 DROP SYNONYM
2.3.52 DROP ROLE
2.3.53 DROP SEQUENCE
2.3.54 DROP TABLE
2.3.55 DROP TABLESPACE
2.3.56 DROP TRIGGER
2.3.57 DROP TYPE
2.3.58 DROP USER
2.3.59 DROP VIEW
2.3.60 EXEC
2.3.61 GRANT
2.3.62 GRANT on Database Objects
2.3.63 GRANT on Roles
2.3.64 GRANT on System Privileges
2.3.65 INSERT
2.3.66 LOCK
2.3.67 REVOKE
2.3.68 ROLLBACK
2.3.69 ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
2.3.70 SAVEPOINT
2.3.71 SELECT
2.3.71.1 FROM Clause
2.3.71.2 WHERE Clause
2.3.71.3 GROUP BY Clause
2.3.71.4 HAVING Clause
2.3.71.5 SELECT List
2.3.71.6 UNION Clause
2.3.71.7 INTERSECT Clause
2.3.71.8 MINUS Clause
2.3.71.9 CONNECT BY Clause
2.3.71.10 ORDER BY Clause
2.3.71.11 DISTINCT Clause
2.3.71.12 FOR UPDATE Clause
2.3.72 SET CONSTRAINTS
2.3.73 SET ROLE
2.3.74 SET TRANSACTION
2.3.75 TRUNCATE
2.3.76 UPDATE
2.4 Functions and Operators
2.4.1 Logical Operators
2.4.2 Comparison Operators
2.4.3 Mathematical Functions and Operators
2.4.4 String Functions and Operators
2.4.5 Pattern Matching String Functions
2.4.5.1 REGEXP_COUNT
2.4.5.2 REGEXP_INSTR
2.4.5.3 REGEXP_SUBSTR
2.4.6 Pattern Matching Using the LIKE Operator
2.4.7 Data Type Formatting Functions
2.4.7.1 IMMUTABLE TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP, format) Function
2.4.8 Date/Time Functions and Operators
2.4.8.1 ADD_MONTHS
2.4.8.2 EXTRACT
2.4.8.3 MONTHS_BETWEEN
2.4.8.4 NEXT_DAY
2.4.8.5 NEW_TIME
2.4.8.6 ROUND
2.4.8.7 TRUNC
2.4.8.8 CURRENT DATE/TIME
2.4.8.9 NUMTODSINTERVAL
2.4.8.10 NUMTOYMINTERVAL
2.4.9 Sequence Manipulation Functions
2.4.10 Conditional Expressions
2.4.10.1 CASE
2.4.10.2 COALESCE
2.4.10.3 NULLIF
2.4.10.4 NVL
2.4.10.5 NVL2
2.4.10.6 GREATEST and LEAST
2.4.11 Aggregate Functions
2.4.12 Subquery Expressions
2.4.12.1 EXISTS
2.4.12.2 IN
2.4.12.3 NOT IN
2.4.12.4 ANY/SOME
2.4.12.5 ALL
3 Oracle Catalog Views
3.1 ALL_ALL_TABLES
3.2 ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
3.3 ALL_CONSTRAINTS
3.4 ALL_DB_LINKS
3.5 ALL_DIRECTORIES
3.6 ALL_IND_COLUMNS
3.7 ALL_INDEXES
3.8 ALL_JOBS
3.9 ALL_OBJECTS
3.10 ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.11 ALL_PART_TABLES
3.12 ALL_POLICIES
3.13 ALL_QUEUES
3.14 ALL_QUEUE_TABLES
3.15 ALL_SEQUENCES
3.16 ALL_SOURCE
3.17 ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.18 ALL_SYNONYMS
3.19 ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
3.20 ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
3.21 ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
3.22 ALL_TABLES
3.23 ALL_TRIGGERS
3.24 ALL_TYPES
3.25 ALL_USERS
3.26 ALL_VIEW_COLUMNS
3.27 ALL_VIEWS
3.28 DBA_ALL_TABLES
3.29 DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
3.30 DBA_CONSTRAINTS
3.31 DBA_DB_LINKS
3.32 DBA_DIRECTORIES
3.33 DBA_IND_COLUMNS
3.34 DBA_INDEXES
3.35 DBA_JOBS
3.36 DBA_OBJECTS
3.37 DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.38 DBA_PART_TABLES
3.39 DBA_POLICIES
3.40 DBA_PROFILES
3.41 DBA_QUEUES
3.42 DBA_QUEUE_TABLES
3.43 DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
3.44 DBA_ROLES
3.45 DBA_SEQUENCES
3.46 DBA_SOURCE
3.47 DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.48 DBA_SYNONYMS
3.49 DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
3.50 DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
3.51 DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
3.52 DBA_TABLES
3.53 DBA_TRIGGERS
3.54 DBA_TYPES
3.55 DBA_USERS
3.56 DBA_VIEW_COLUMNS
3.57 DBA_VIEWS
3.58 USER_ALL_TABLES
3.59 USER_CONS_COLUMNS
3.60 USER_CONSTRAINTS
3.61 USER_DB_LINKS
3.62 USER_IND_COLUMNS
3.63 USER_INDEXES
3.64 USER_JOBS
3.65 USER_OBJECTS
3.66 USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.67 USER_PART_TABLES
3.68 USER_POLICIES
3.69 USER_QUEUES
3.70 USER_QUEUE_TABLES
3.71 USER_ROLE_PRIVS
3.72 USER_SEQUENCES
3.73 USER_SOURCE
3.74 USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
3.75 USER_SYNONYMS
3.76 USER_TAB_COLUMNS
3.77 USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
3.78 USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
3.79 USER_TABLES
3.80 USER_TRIGGERS
3.81 USER_TYPES
3.82 USER_USERS
3.83 USER_VIEW_COLUMNS
3.84 USER_VIEWS
3.85 V$VERSION
3.86 PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION
4 System Catalog Tables
4.1 dual
4.2 edb_dir
4.3 edb_password_history
4.4 edb_policy
4.5 edb_profile
4.6 edb_variable
4.7 pg_synonym
4.8 product_component_version
5 Acknowledgements
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