Using packages with user-defined types v16

This example incorporates various user-defined types in the context of a package.

Package specification

The package specification of emp_rpt shows the declaration of a record type emprec_typ and a weakly typed REF CURSOR, emp_refcur as publicly accessible. It also shows two functions and two procedures. The function, open_emp_by_dept, returns the REF CURSOR type EMP_REFCUR. Procedures fetch_emp and close_refcur both declare a weakly typed REF CURSOR as a formal parameter.

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE emp_rpt
IS
    TYPE emprec_typ IS RECORD (
        empno       NUMBER(4),
        ename       VARCHAR(10)
    );
    TYPE emp_refcur IS REF CURSOR;

    FUNCTION get_dept_name (
        p_deptno    IN NUMBER
    ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
    FUNCTION open_emp_by_dept (
        p_deptno    IN emp.deptno%TYPE
    ) RETURN EMP_REFCUR;
    PROCEDURE fetch_emp (
        p_refcur    IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
    );
    PROCEDURE close_refcur (
        p_refcur    IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
    );
END emp_rpt;

Package body

The package body shows the declaration of several private variables: a static cursor dept_cur, a table type depttab_typ, a table variable t_dept, an integer variable t_dept_max, and a record variable r_emp.

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_rpt
IS
    CURSOR dept_cur IS SELECT * FROM dept;
    TYPE depttab_typ IS TABLE of dept%ROWTYPE
        INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
    t_dept          DEPTTAB_TYP;
    t_dept_max      INTEGER := 1;
    r_emp           EMPREC_TYP;

    FUNCTION get_dept_name (
        p_deptno    IN NUMBER
    ) RETURN VARCHAR2
    IS
    BEGIN
        FOR i IN 1..t_dept_max LOOP
            IF p_deptno = t_dept(i).deptno THEN
                RETURN t_dept(i).dname;
            END IF;
        END LOOP;
        RETURN 'Unknown';
    END;

    FUNCTION open_emp_by_dept(
        p_deptno        IN emp.deptno%TYPE
    ) RETURN EMP_REFCUR
    IS
        emp_by_dept EMP_REFCUR;
    BEGIN
        OPEN emp_by_dept FOR SELECT empno, ename FROM emp
            WHERE deptno = p_deptno;
        RETURN emp_by_dept;
    END;

    PROCEDURE fetch_emp (
        p_refcur      IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
    )
    IS
    BEGIN
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO ENAME');
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
        LOOP
            FETCH p_refcur INTO r_emp;
            EXIT WHEN p_refcur%NOTFOUND;
            DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r_emp.empno || ' ' || r_emp.ename);
        END LOOP;
    END;

    PROCEDURE close_refcur (
        p_refcur      IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
    )
    IS
    BEGIN
        CLOSE p_refcur;
    END;
BEGIN
    OPEN dept_cur;
    LOOP
        FETCH dept_cur INTO t_dept(t_dept_max);
        EXIT WHEN dept_cur%NOTFOUND;
        t_dept_max := t_dept_max + 1;
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE dept_cur;
    t_dept_max := t_dept_max - 1;
END emp_rpt;

This package contains an initialization section that loads the private table variable t_dept using the private static cursor dept_cur.t_dept. dept_cur.t_dept serves as a department name lookup table in the function get_dept_name.

The function open_emp_by_dept returns a REF CURSOR variable for a result set of employee numbers and names for a given department. This REF CURSOR variable can then be passed to the procedure fetch_emp to retrieve and list the individual rows of the result set. Finally, the procedure close_refcur can be used to close the REF CURSOR variable associated with this result set.

Using anonymous blocks

The following anonymous block runs the package function and procedures. In the anonymous block's declaration section, note the declaration of cursor variable v_emp_cur using the package’s public REF CURSOR type, EMP_REFCUR. v_emp_cur contains the pointer to the result set that's passed between the package function and procedures.

DECLARE
    v_deptno dept.deptno%TYPE DEFAULT 30;
    v_emp_cur emp_rpt.EMP_REFCUR;
BEGIN
    v_emp_cur := emp_rpt.open_emp_by_dept(v_deptno);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPLOYEES IN DEPT #' || v_deptno ||
        ': ' || emp_rpt.get_dept_name(v_deptno));
    emp_rpt.fetch_emp(v_emp_cur);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('**********************');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_cur%ROWCOUNT || ' rows were retrieved');
    emp_rpt.close_refcur(v_emp_cur);
END;

The following is the result of this anonymous block:

Output

EMPLOYEES IN DEPT #30: SALES
EMPNO    ENAME
-----    -------
7499     ALLEN
7521     WARD
7654     MARTIN
7698     BLAKE
7844     TURNER
7900     JAMES
**********************
6 rows were retrieved

The following anonymous block shows another way to achieve the same result. Instead of using the package procedures fetch_emp and close_refcur, the logic of these programs is coded directly into the anonymous block. In the anonymous block’s declaration section, note the addition of record variable r_emp, declared using the package’s public record type, EMPREC_TYP.

DECLARE
    v_deptno     dept.deptno%TYPE DEFAULT 30;
    v_emp_cur    emp_rpt.EMP_REFCUR;
    r_emp        emp_rpt.EMPREC_TYP;
BEGIN
    v_emp_cur := emp_rpt.open_emp_by_dept(v_deptno);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPLOYEES IN DEPT #' || v_deptno ||
        ': ' || emp_rpt.get_dept_name(v_deptno));
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO ENAME');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
    LOOP
        FETCH v_emp_cur INTO r_emp;
        EXIT WHEN v_emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r_emp.empno || ' ' ||
            r_emp.ename);
    END LOOP;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('**********************');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_cur%ROWCOUNT || ' rows were retrieved');
    CLOSE v_emp_cur;
END;

The following is the result of this anonymous block.

Output

EMPLOYEES IN DEPT #30: SALES
EMPNO    ENAME
-----    -------
7499     ALLEN
7521     WARD
7654     MARTIN
7698     BLAKE
7844     TURNER
7900     JAMES
**********************
6 rows were retrieved

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